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Figure 11 | Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury

Figure 11

From: Direct cord implantation in brachial plexus avulsions: revised technique using a single stage combined anterior (first) posterior (second) approach and end-to-side side-to-side grafting neurorrhaphy

Figure 11

To expose the posterior structures in the extended approach, the plane posterior to the following muscles is located: the levator scapulae, the iliocostalis cevicis and the longissimus capitis and cervicis. Anterior retraction of these muscles and medial retraction of the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus muscles allows exposure of the facet joints and performing a facetectomy (posterior black arrow).

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Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury

ISSN: 1749-7221